How to Safely Identify Boletus edulis: An Ecological and Commercial “Mushroom Detective Course”

In 2024, a Michelin-starred restaurant in Zhejiang accidentally purchased toxic Rubroboletus satanas, leading to customer poisoning and losses exceeding 20 million yuan. This incident exposed critical flaws in the wild mushroom supply chain: amid surging market demand, the dual deficiencies in identification technology and ecological accountability threaten the entire industry. As the culprit behind 60%…